A biodiversity evaluation framework for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes driven by hydrological process management     

Shuhan Li  Tao Sun  Wei Yang  Baoshan Cui  Xinan Yin 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13983

Macrophyte community diversity and composition respond to ecosystem conservation and local environmental factors. In this study, we developed a multidimensional diversity framework for macrophyte communities, including the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity. We used the framework to explore the relationships among water level regimes and these diversity parameters in a case study of China's Baiyangdian Lake. Analysis of indicators of hydrologic alteration divided the water level from 1959 to 2019 into four regimes (dry, <6.42 m; low, 6.42–7.23 m; medium, 7.23–8.19 m; high, >8.19 m). Alpha and beta diversity were significantly higher in the medium regime than in the low and high regimes. Redundancy analysis indicated that the maximum water depth significantly affected taxonomic alpha diversity, and total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration significantly affected functional alpha diversity, respectively. Mantel tests showed that TN, Secchi depth (SD), and water depth in the high water level regime significantly increased the total beta diversity and turnover components. TN was the main factor that increased total taxonomic beta diversity. Water level regime mainly influenced interspecific relationships by changing the TN and COD concentration. The water level should be maintained between the medium and high water level regimes to promote restoration of the macrophyte community and improve ecosystem stability. The biodiversity evaluation framework would provide a deeper insight into the hydrological process management for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes.  相似文献   

A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces     

Taotao Zhang  Yang Xiao  Dongfang Liang  Hongwu Tang  Junzeng Xu  Saiyu Yuan  Nairu Wang  Bin Luan 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14152

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.  相似文献   

Investigation of inner-basin variation: Impact of large reservoirs on water regimes of downstream water bodies     

Xue Dai  Zhongbo Yu  Guishan Yang  Chong-Yu Xu  Rongrong Wan 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14241

Large dams and reservoirs alter not only the natural flow regimes of streams and rivers but also their flooding cycles and flood magnitudes. Although the effect of dams and reservoirs has been reported for some vulnerable locations, the understanding of the inner-basin variation with respect to the effects remains limited. In this study, we analyse the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) built on the Changjiang mainstream (Yangtze River) to investigate the dam effect variations in the system of interconnected water bodies located downstream. We investigated the effect of flow alterations along the downstream river network using discharge time series at different gauging stations. The river–lake interactions (referring to the interactions between the Changjiang mainstream and its tributary lakes i.e. the Dongting and Poyang lakes) and their roles in modifying the TGD effect intensity were also investigated in the large-scale river–lake system. The results show that the water storage of the tributary lakes decreased after the activation of the TGD. Severe droughts occurred in the lakes, weakening their ability to recharge the Changjiang mainstream. As a consequence, the effect of the TGD on the Changjiang flow increase during the dry season diminished quickly downstream of the dam, whereas its impact on the flow decrease during the wet season gradually exacerbated along the mainstream, especially at sites located downstream of the lake outlets. Therefore, when assessing dam-induced hydrological changes, special attention should be paid to the changes in the storage of tributary lakes and the associated effects in the mainstream. This is of high importance for managing the water resource trade-offs between different water bodies in dam-affected riverine systems.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of the effects of thawed soil depth on rill flow velocity     

Xiaofeng Gao  Xiaonan Shi  Tingwu Lei  Huaqing Liu  Jiahui Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14043

Water flow velocity is an important hydraulic variable in hydrological and soil erosion models, and is greatly affected by freezing and thawing of the surface soil layer in cold high-altitude regions. The accurate measurement of rill flow velocity when impacted by the thawing process is critical to simulate runoff and sediment transport processes. In this study, an electrolyte tracer modelling method was used to measure rill flow velocity along a meadow soil slope at different thaw depths under simulated rainfall. Rill flow velocity was measured using four thawed soil depths (0, 1, 2 and 10 cm), four slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°) and four rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90 and 120 mm·h⁻¹). The results showed that the increase in thawed soil depth caused a decrease in rill flow velocity, whereby the rate of this decrease was also diminishing. Whilst the rill flow velocity was positively correlated with slope gradient and rainfall intensity, the response of rill flow velocity to these influencing factors varied with thawed soil depth. The mechanism by which thawed soil depth influenced rill flow velocity was attributed to the consumption of runoff energy, slope surface roughness, and the headcut effect. Rill flow velocity was modelled by thawed soil depth, slope gradient and rainfall intensity using an empirical function. This function predicted values that were in good agreement with the measured data. These results provide the foundation for a better understanding of the effect of thawed soil depth on slope hydrology, erosion and the parameterization scheme for hydrological and soil erosion models.  相似文献   

Geochemical evidence of ions’ sources and influences of meteorological factors on hydrochemistry of glacier snow meltwater in the source region of the Yangtze River     

Zong-Jie  Li  Jin-Zhu  Ma  Hai-Chao  Yu  Huan  Yang  Ling-Ling  Song  Zong-Xing  Li  Juan  Gui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2020,79(10):1-17

The risk management of cascade reservoir systems (CRSs) is a major public challenge, and the establishment of risk criteria is critical to solving this iss  相似文献   

基于低成本单频u-blox接收机的GPS/BDS定向性能分析     

李江卫  马立烨  吴仁攀  孙伟  吴多 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(3):279-284

针对高精度GNSS定向应用场景，通过实验对比对低成本单频u-blox接收机的数据质量和解算精度。结果表明，u-blox接收机GPS、BDS观测值的信噪比略低于测量型接收机；伪距精度分别为0.91 m、0.56 m，相位精度分别为1.35 cm、1.20 cm。在静态观测环境下，u-blox的定向精度可以达到航向0.2°/m和俯仰0.4°/m；动态环境下解算结果稍差，但也可以达到航向0.3°/m和俯仰0.6°/m，略低于高成本测量型接收机单频数据的实时动态定向精度。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定带厚度的影响因素     

刘杰  杨睿  邬黛黛  金光荣  张辉 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):13-25

为了探讨琼东南盆地华光凹陷海底天然气水合物稳定带的分布规律，定量研究了静水压力、底水温度、地温梯度和气源组分对水合物稳定带的影响程度。在此基础上，分析了华光凹陷现今甲烷水合物稳定带的厚度分布。最后，综合各因素的历史演化过程，初步探讨了华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带的演化。结果表明:(1)气源组分和海底温度的变化对研究区内水合物稳定带的影响较大；水合物稳定带厚度与海底温度呈良好的线性负相关性。(2)水深超过600 m的海域具备形成天然气水合物的温压条件；超过600 m水深的海域水合物稳定带厚度大部分超过 100 m，其中西北部稳定带的最大厚度超过300 m，是有利的水合物勘探区。(3)华光凹陷1.05 Ma BP以来天然气水合物稳定带厚度经历了快速增厚–窄幅变化–快速减薄和恢复的过程。麻坑群与水合物稳定变化敏感区在空间上具有较好的叠合关系。结合前人的研究成果，推测其形成与天然气水合物的分解释放有关。  相似文献   

湘西金矿复杂地层大口径充填孔定向钻进技术          下载免费PDF全文

伍新民  易振兴  吴俊贤  宋会娟 《探矿工程》2020,47(6):26-29

根据湘西金矿深厚陡倾角地层的特点，采用传统防斜方法（如满眼组合防斜技术、钟摆组合防斜技术）不能保证钻孔垂直度，首次使用随钻测斜仪配合螺杆定向钻进先施工引导孔，再用气动潜孔锤冲击回转钻进快速完成大口径充填孔扩孔，取得了较好的效果。采用螺杆能较好地实现定向钻进，钻孔轨迹偏斜位移能被控制在8.67 m范围内。  相似文献   

地质科技论文作者署名与致谢的编写规则及方法     

吴小梅  陈少伟  严城民 《云南地质》2020,(1):136-139

在搜集、学习相关资料的基础上,对地质科技论文作者署名与致谢的编写规则与写作方法形成较为系统的认识,作者署名是科技论文的重要组成部分,要努力掌握其编写规则与写作方法。署名的编写时要明白作者署名的意义,要遵守作者署名的编写规则、要了解通讯作者的意义与编写方法,要真实客观地提供作者的相关信息。必要时,可在文末编写致谢。  相似文献   

湘黔桂新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层年代格架对比及关键地质事件初探     

张嘉玮  陈建书  吴滔  叶太平  陈明华  代雅然  邓小杰  牟军 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):1-16

湘黔桂地区发育一套完整的新元古代拉伸纪晚期地层(下江群及其相当地层),是研究扬子克拉通与华夏板块碰撞拼接后华南大陆裂谷盆地演化的重要载体。本文报道了贵州省铜仁市万山区清水江组上部、平略组底部及中部变质凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩的年龄,分别为(763.8±5.5) Ma(N=24,MSWD=0.29)、(760.2±4.1) Ma(N=25,MSWD=0.39)、(759.1±3.9) Ma(N=26,MSWD=0.38)。通过对湘黔桂地区下江群及其相当地层中已有火山岩、火山碎屑沉积岩、含凝灰质岩石年龄的系统梳理与分析研究,进一步确定下江群其及相当地层的沉积时限在822~715 Ma,桂北丹洲群三门街组玄武岩是在武陵造山后伸展背景下湘黔桂地区裂谷最大裂陷时期的产物,清水江组与平略组内大量的火山物质可能来源于江南造山带东段800~760 Ma的中酸性喷出岩。结合地层、岩性、年代特征,本文恢复了湘黔桂盆地新元古代拉伸纪晚期的演化历史,并认为该套地层符合建立下江系条件。  相似文献